A Zone System is a system by which you understand and control every level of light and dark to your best advantage. It uses roman numeral to name and formulate the zones. It help capture a correct exposure, even in tricky light or scene situations (Based off middle grey). It also has a precise evaluation of your scene's tones and dynamic range prior to even making a shot. Also it help by knowing when you need to use graduated neutral density filters. Other than that it helps determining the situations where you need to use a fill flash or more lights to get a correct exposure.
Metering (Light Meter)
2 different types of metering - reflective and Incidental.
The light meter consists of a lumi-grid, lumi-sphere and limi-disk, and numbers which help you to create the correct exposure. The internal meters with cameras use a reflective based system.
Reflective - is a measure of light that is bouncing off the subject from the key light into the meter. (e.g. the sun bouncing off a subject outside). It takes an average reading of all the light sources bouncing in that direction. This is where the lumi-grid is used.
Incidental - Where the cinematographer stands beside the subject and uses the agh meter to measure the reading of the intensity of light that is being shone onto the subject. This is where the lumi-sphere is used.
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